Emmanuelle Avril is professor of contemporary British politics and society at the Sorbonne Nouvelle University. Her main line of research is intraparty democracy, organizational change, and mobilization within the Labour Party. Her latest publications include the coedited volumes Labour United and Divided from the 1830s to the Present (Manchester University Press, 2018) and Democracy, Participation, and Contestation: Civil Society, Governance, and the Future of Liberal Democracy (Routledge, 2016).